ALL SAINTS'

CHURCH

CLAYTON WEST

HIGH HOYLAND GRAVEYARD

HISTORY PAGES

The following are extracts from a book written by the late Dr John Addy to commemerate 100yrs of All Saints' church, Clayton West (1875-1975). It contains a lot of historical detail starting with what we know about High Hoyland and its church, to the changes brought by industralisation which ultimately led to the demise and subsequent closure of All Hallows (HH) as a place of worship. Dr John's credentials speak for themselves - M.A and PH.D, a former senior lecturer in history at St John's College, York.

Other articles written by Dr John, which you may find of interest, are contained within the History pages. Use the buttons under history in the panel on the right.

No one knows when the Christian gospel first came to this parish, but archeological evidence points to a preaching station being established at High Hoyland by 800 A.D The early mission priest, if the account of the Venerable Bede is correct, came from the Columban monastery situated in the wood between Dewsbury and Leeds.                   

Before the Norman Conquest, High Hoyland, in common with Kirkburton and Emley, were in the parish of Dewsbury, in which parish it remained until the twelfth century. Whether there was a church building in these early days is unknown and, contrary to many popular reports, there is no reference to a church in the Domesday Book, but that does not mean such a building was non existent It was no part of the Domesday commissioners duties to record churches unless such a building was directly concerned with landowning.

The first concrete evidence comes from the early years of the reign of Henry II. The period from 1150 to 1170 was one in which a large number of churches were erected in this area. The lord of the manor, Adam fitz Swain, of Cawthorne, built his people in High Hoyland a church and endowed it with glebe land and tithes to maintain rector and so a parish was created.

Following the death of Adam in 1159 the advowson was divided between his two daughters Annabel and Maud. This meant that for the future each would appoint a rector for the parish and there would be two priests at work, but in fact only one was resident in the parish the other was an absentee For instance in 1250 an Italian. Rosfredus di Ferentino proctor at the papal court for Gray, was one of the rectors.

In course of time the right of presentation came into the hands of the Savile's of Thornhill, and the Wentworth's of Bretton who each presented a rector until the Savile portion was sold by public auction to the Wentworths of Bretton in 1810. Thereafter there was to be one rector only.

The living had been well endowed by the founder, but the Black Death in 1348 reduced its value by fifty per cent and when Henry VIII made his survey of livings in 1535, the parish had not recovered from the disastrous blow and the living was below £6 per annum for each rector. This meant that the incumbent had to hold an additional job to earn a living. In 1734 Thomas Malbon was not only rector but headmaster at Congleton grammar school, while Thomas Dawson acted as assistant curate at Wakefield. In 1612 Anthony Benns acted as tutor to the children of Lady Ann Savile at Thornhill Hall. The living was increased in value by the augmentation from Queen Anne's Bounty during the eighteenth century but at the same time transfers of glebe land were made to Bretton estate in return for certain glebe rents near Hexham, Northumberland from less valuable land. This exchange also involved the responsibility of the rector of High Hoyland for the cost of repairs to Hexham Abbey chancel roof. This disability was not removed until 1950!

From 1730 to 1867 the parish had a succession of absentee rectors who appointed underpaid curates to do duty for them. During the first half of the nineteenth century there was a rapid succession of such curates. One of them was the eccentric converted Jew, Josef Wolff around whose name many legends have collected. The rector for the first sixty years of the century, was Christopher Bird who was chaplain to the Beaumonts of Bretton and had one of their livings in Northumberland. He came to High Hoyland for the months and then only to collect his tithes.

Until 1837, High Hoyland had been part of the enormous diocese of York, but the growth of the new industrial areas of the West Riding had made it imperative that there should be a new diocese formed. So High Hoyland was transferred to the new diocese of Ripon in the autumn of 1837 and the first bishop of that diocese, C. T. Longley, made his primary visitation in the summer of 1839. He recorded in his notes on High Hoyland that there were far too many private pews and too few free seats for the poor. He remarked on the ugliness and unkempt appearance of the building, the lack of administration of the sacraments and that communicant life was virtually nil.

The Industrial Revolution had changed the nature of the parish since 1780. Clayton West, formerly a tiny village community, saw numerous wool textile mills erected with the consequent expansion of population, leading in turn to a decline in the number residing at High Hoyland. The Anglican Church made no provision for the spiritual welfare of these people in the village, but insisted that all must make their way, usually on foot in all weathers, to High Hoyland for baptisms, weddings, and be carried there for burial. This growth in population was reflected by an extension to the churchyard to provide increased burial space. The old churchyard was confined within an area extending westwards from the chancel for some twenty yards and turning north to the boundary wall. In 1866 the land to the north of the church was added, together with a wide section bounded on the north by the footpath leading to Kexborough and on the south by the boundary wall all of the old road.

Since 1800, Clayton West had been abandoned to the care of the Nonconformists, the strongest and largest body being the Independents, the remainder being small individual families owning allegiance to the Quakers and Methodists. Internecine amongst the members led to the multiplying of chapels on a scale unequalled elsewhere in a small community. Only one thing united them and that was their combined hatred of the Anglican Church, although they had to use its ministrations for many weddings and, until 1882, for burials. So when Christopher Bird died a very wealthy man, in 1866, church life in the parish was at a very low ebb.

Change was on the way with the appointment of a young vigorous rector named Fitzgerald Thomas Wintour in 1867. His wife, Isabel was the daughter of James Milnes Gaskell of Thornes House. Both were Tractarian in sympathy, marked by their friendship with John Sharp the vicar of Horbury, and so had little in common with the virulent protestantism of the area. Fitzgerald Wintour quickly grasped the situation that faced him and resolved, with his usual determination, to rid himself of-the private pew system and make provision for a full church life in Clayton West.

The continual squabbling over pews hindered the Rector's work in the parish and encouraged dissent. It was a common sight to see square pews, capable of holding twelve persons, with only two or three in them while the long forms at the back were packed with people like herrings in a barrel. A search for communion plate revealed two ancient chalices dated 1613 and 1662 standing amongst the bottles on a shelf in the Globe Inn.

The Barnsley Times in its edition of 9th October, 1869, recording the abolition of private pews at Darton, Royston and Penistone remarked that the greatest improvement had been at High Hoyland. Referring to the fact that "for half a century the parish has been over-run with Calvin-istic Dissent, the church having scarcely any existence at all", the report commented on the new interior decorations, the banner by the pulpit, the gorgeous altar covering and a 'fully choral service with Gregorian chants": the reporter of course meant Anglican chants. Enthusiasm for a revival of church life was encouraged by inviting such men as John Sharp of Horbury and W. F. Wilberforce to speak on what the Church was, and is, based on the teachings of the Oxford Movement.

The Rector planned to build a church in Clayton West and within a year of his institution moves had been made towards the achievement of his objective. An old joiner's shop, on the site of the present Church Hall, was rented for use as a Sunday School and for occasional services. The matter of a site for the new Church was not so easy a task. John Kaye, the wealthy owner of the woollen mills on Bilham Road, who according to a report in the Barnsley Times for 1871, had made his fortune by employing his workers for thirteen hours a day in defiance of the Factory Act of 1850 which limited hours to eleven was approached for land. By various means John Kaye had acquired most of the central part of the village round which to construct an estate. He was approached by Mr. Wintour for a grant of land on Bilham Road for the Proposed new church. He refused to allocate any land for such purposes since the congregation would have to pass the entrance to Park House, and numbers of people moving backwards and forwards would disturb his privacy.

To save his face and not be outbid by his rival manufacturer Joseph Norton of Nortonthorpe Hall who regarded himself as a parishioner, John Kaye conveyed on the 28th July, 1868, to the Church Commissioners some 780 square yards of the Well Yard on which to erect a new Church. At this news, the nonconformists united in a militant opposition to this project and were determined to do all in their power to prevent the building of a new church. It was this attitude and disputes with the contractors that caused the completion of the building to extend over four years, from Novembex 1871 to April 1875.

The next and most controversial step was the proposal to transfer the rights of the parish church from High Hoyland to Clayton West and close the former. It is to the credit of Fitzgerald Wintour that, before announcing any changes in the conduct of parochial affairs, he always made certain of the facts and figures upon which he based his decisions. He kept a register of attendance at services in High Hoyland from 1870 to 1874 which revealed that the greater part of the congregation came from Clayton West, and that attendances from High Hoyland varied from ten to four. On occasions such as Good Friday and Ascension Day there was frequently no congregation beyond the members of his family. Following the opening of the church in Clayton West, he then recorded attendances at Holy Communion between 1876 and 1879. The numbers in this case ranged from three to twelve, the numbers being increased when all the members of the Wintour family were at home. Clayton West people had ceased to walk to Hoyland, except on fine summer Sundays and for weddings and burials. The rector had the fabric surveyed and with sufficient facts to support his case he approached the Church Commissioners. On 6th May 1879 a request was made to the Commissioners for an order to close High Hoyland church and transfer all the parochial rights to Clayton West. The rector pointed out that the old church was little used except at funerals. The dedication to All Saints had been carried to the new church. The total population in the parish was 1,750 of which 1,530 lived in Clayton West, and the remaining 220 resided in the scattered parts of the parish. The old church was so isolated that only one family, that of Walter Sunderland, lived near it and the was in a state of dilapidation. Since the new church was now consecrated and in use it was desirable that a large part of it should be demolished as useless and no funds were provided for repairs. The response was an Order in Council dated 31st July, 1879 which transferred the parochial rights to Clayton West. The last couple to walk to High Hoyland for their wedding before the transfer were Mr. and Mrs. John Thomas Whitehead. The rector's title could not be changed and so the anomally arose of the parish church in one village and the rector's title in another. It is hoped that before the next century this anomally will have been amended. On the first Sunday in August an announcement was made of the change and the impending closure of High Hoyland church.

The incumbency of Horace Lowe (1898 -1902) saw changes in the parish. For several years the services at High Hoyland had lapsed entirely, but in 1901 an attempt was made to re-open the church for occasional services. It was agreed that the first service should be a harvest festival, and a second service in the afternoon of Trinity Sunday. The church was in a filthy condition so the landlady of the Globe Inn, Mrs. Holden, organised a team of cleaners to scrub out the church. Mr. Lowe assembled a team of ringers to ring the bells and drew up a set of rules. The custom of occasional services, usually three per year, was continued under his successors until further changes were made in 1928. Communicant life was poor for the total at the Easter communion in 1902 was 53.

In 1906 the 'Last restoration of High Hoyland church was undertaken at the suggestion of Herman Hinchcliff with the support of Thomas Norton. This would involve no cost to the parish, so the rector consented so long as its use was restricted to that of a mortuary chapel and occasional service. The church was restored by a small group of men with more money than sense, for the parishioners were not involved as they ought to have been when possibly the money could have been used to better advantage.

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